Java分布式锁的三种实现方案

  

让我来详细讲解“Java分布式锁的三种实现方案”的完整攻略。

什么是分布式锁?

分布式锁是控制分布式系统之间同步访问共享资源的一种方式。在分布式系统中,多个节点会竞争同一个锁,这个锁可以是基于数据库或者基于缓存等其他方式实现的。

Java分布式锁的三种实现方案

基于数据库的分布式锁

这种锁的实现方式比较简单,通过数据库的行锁来实现分布式锁,通过insert或者update语句,对数据库表的某一行进行加锁,其他节点通过获取该行的锁状态来判断是否可以获取锁。

下面是一个基于数据库的分布式锁的实现示例:

public class DistributedLock {

    private Connection connection;
    private String tableName;

    public DistributedLock(Connection connection, String tableName) {
        this.connection = connection;
        this.tableName = tableName;
    }

    public boolean acquire(String lockName) {
        try {
            PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(
                    "INSERT INTO " + tableName + " (lock_name) VALUES (?)");
            ps.setString(1, lockName);
            ps.executeUpdate();
            ps.close();
            return true;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public boolean release(String lockName) {
        try {
            PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(
                    "DELETE FROM " + tableName + " WHERE lock_name = ?");
            ps.setString(1, lockName);
            ps.executeUpdate();
            ps.close();
            return true;
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

}

基于缓存的分布式锁

基于缓存的分布式锁也比较常用,它的原理是通过利用缓存的原子性来实现分布式锁。以Redis为例,我们通过使用Redis的setnx(set if not exists)命令来实现分布式锁。

setnx命令的具体用法是:当指定的键不存在时,将设置键的值为指定的值;如果键已经存在,则不执行任何操作。

下面是一个基于Redis实现的分布式锁的示例:

public class DistributedLock {

    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    public DistributedLock(RedisTemplate redisTemplate) {
        this.redisTemplate = redisTemplate;
    }

    public boolean acquire(String lockName, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
        boolean acquired = false;
        String key = "lock:" + lockName;
        long expireTime = unit.toMillis(timeout);
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

        while (!acquired && (System.currentTimeMillis() - start) < expireTime) {
            acquired = redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(key, System.currentTimeMillis() + "");
        }

        if (acquired) {
            redisTemplate.expire(key, timeout, unit);
        }

        return acquired;
    }

    public boolean release(String lockName) {
        String key = "lock:" + lockName;

        if (redisTemplate.hasKey(key)) {
            redisTemplate.delete(key);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

}

基于Zookeeper的分布式锁

基于Zookeeper实现分布式锁的原理是利用ZooKeeper节点的唯一性,通过创建一个唯一的节点代表锁,其他节点通过判断该节点是否存在来实现分布式锁。

下面是一个基于Zookeeper实现的分布式锁的示例:

public class DistributedLock implements Watcher {

    private ZooKeeper zooKeeper;
    private String lockName;
    private String lockPath;

    public DistributedLock(ZooKeeper zooKeeper, String lockName) {
        this.zooKeeper = zooKeeper;
        this.lockName = lockName;
    }

    public boolean acquire(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) {
        try {
            lockPath = zooKeeper.create("/locks/" + lockName + "-", new byte[0], ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
            List<String> locks = zooKeeper.getChildren("/locks", false);
            Collections.sort(locks);

            if (lockPath.endsWith(locks.get(0))) {
                return true;
            } else {
                String lowerLockPath = null;

                for (String path : locks) {
                    if (lockPath.endsWith(path)) {
                        lowerLockPath = path;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (lowerLockPath != null) {
                    Stat stat = zooKeeper.exists("/locks/" + lowerLockPath, this);

                    if (stat == null) {
                        return acquire(timeout, unit);
                    } else {
                        synchronized (this) {
                            this.wait(unit.toMillis(timeout));
                        }
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }

        return false;
    }

    public boolean release() {
        try {
            zooKeeper.delete(lockPath, -1);
            return true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void process(WatchedEvent watchedEvent) {
        synchronized (this) {
            this.notifyAll();
        }
    }

}

以上就是Java分布式锁的三种实现方案的详细分析。

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